Legal Question in Construction Law in California

Yes, you should file a claim on his bond, and a complaint with the Contractors State License Board. Depending on how much money was involved you can also sue the contractor in Small Claims (up to $7,500) or hire an attorney if it is more.

Bonding companies differ in their policies as to what kind of proof they require of the amount of loss and the liability of the contractor. It's sometimes useful to have a judgment, as they can't then deny the liability or the amount, but there will still be a need to prove to the bonding company that the judgment relates to bonded contract work. In other words, expect some red tape.