Legal Question in Landlord & Tenant Law in California

I am somewhat confused by the facts you relate, so I have posted a web site description below.

Three-day notice

A landlord can use a written three-day notice (eviction notice) if the tenant has done any of the following:281

Failed to pay the rent.

Violated any provision of the lease or rental agreement.

Materially damaged the rental property ("committed waste").

Used the rental property for an unlawful purpose.

Substantially interfered with other tenants ("committed a nuisance").

Committed domestic violence or sexual assault against, or stalked another tenant or subtenant on the premises.282

Engaged in drug dealing, unlawfully used, cultivated, imported, or manufactured illegal drugs.283

Unlawful conduct involving weapons or ammunition.284

If the landlord gives the tenant a three-day notice because the tenant hasn't paid the rent, the notice must accurately state the amount of rent that is due. In addition, the notice must state:

The name, address and telephone number of the person to whom the rent must be paid.

If payment may be made in person, the usual days and hours that the person is available to receive the rent payment. If the address does not accept personal deliveries, then you can mail the rent to the owner at the name and address stated in the three-day notice. If you can show proof that you mailed the rent to the stated name and address (for example, a receipt for certified mail), the law assumes that the rent payment is received by the owner on the date of postmark.

Instead, the notice may state the name, street address and account number of the financial institution where the rent payment may be made (if the institution is within five miles of the unit). If an electronic fund transfer procedure was previously established for paying rent, payment may be made using that procedure.285

The landlord normally cannot require that the tenant pay the past-due rent in cash. (See "Living in the Rental Unit".)

If the three-day notice is based on one of the other seven conditions listed above, the notice must either describe the tenant's violation of the lease or rental agreement, or describe the tenant's other improper conduct. The three-day notice must be properly served on the tenant (see Proper Service of Notices).

Depending on the type of violation, the three-day notice demands either (1) that the tenant correct the violation or leave the rental unit, or (2) that the tenant leave the rental unit. If the violation involves something that the tenant can correct (for example, the tenant hasn't paid the rent, or the tenant has a pet but the lease doesn't permit pets), the notice must give the tenant the option to correct the violation.

Failing to pay the rent, and most violations of the terms of a lease or rental agreement, can be corrected. In these situations, the three-day notice must give the tenant the option to correct the violation. However, the other three conditions listed above cannot be corrected, and the three-day notice can simply order the tenant to leave at the end of the three days.

If you pay the rent that is due or correct a correctable violation of the lease or rental agreement during the three-day notice period, the tenancy continues.286 If you attempt to pay all the past-due rent demanded after the three-day period expires, the landlord can either file a lawsuit to evict you or accept the rent payment. If the landlord accepts the rent, the landlord waives (gives up) the right to evict you based on late payment of rent.287

See below on how to count the three days.

How to respond to a three-day notice

Suppose that your landlord properly serves you a three-day notice because you haven't paid the rent. You must either pay the full amount of rent that is due or vacate (leave) the rental unit by the end of the third day, unless you have a legal basis for not paying rent (see The "repair and deduct" remedy and "rent withholding remedy").

If you decide to pay the rent that is due, it's best to call the landlord or the landlord's agent immediately. Tell the landlord or agent that you intend to pay the amount demanded in the notice (if it is correct) and arrange for a time and location where you can deliver the payment to the landlord or agent. You must pay the rent by the end of the third day. You should pay the unpaid rent by cashier's check, money order, or cash. Whatever the form of payment, be sure to get a receipt signed by the landlord or agent that shows the date and the amount of the payment.

The landlord normally cannot require that you pay the unpaid rent in cash. (See "Living in the Rental Unit".)

If the amount of rent demanded is not correct, it's essential that you discuss this with the landlord or agent immediately, and offer to pay the amount that is actually due. Make this offer orally and in writing, and keep a copy of the written offer. The landlord's notice is not legally effective if it demands more rent than is actually due, or if it includes any charges other than for past-due rent (for example, late charges, unpaid utility charges, dishonored check fees, or interest).288

If the amount of rent demanded is correct and doesn't include any other charges, and if you decide not to pay, then you and any other occupants should move out promptly.

If you stay beyond the three days without paying the rent that is properly due, you will be occupying the rental unit unlawfully. The landlord then has a single, powerful remedy: a court action to evict you and recover the unpaid rent (called an "unlawful detainer [eviction] lawsuit" [see The Eviction Process]). Your failure to pay the rent and to leave promptly may also become part of your credit history, which could affect your ability to rent from other landlords.

If the three-day notice is based on something other than failure to pay rent, the notice will state whether you can correct the problem and remain in the rental unit (see three-day notice above). If the problem can be corrected and you want to stay in the rental unit, you must correct the problem by the end of the third day. Once you have corrected the problem, you should promptly notify the landlord or the property manager.

Even if the notice does not state that you can correct the problem, you can try to persuade the landlord that you will correct the problem and be a good tenant if the landlord agrees to your staying. If the landlord agrees, keep your promise immediately. The landlord should then waive (forgive) your violation, and you should be able to stay in the rental unit. However, in the event of another violation, the landlord probably will serve you with another three-day notice, or with a 30-day or 60-day notice.

If you believe that the landlord has acted unlawfully in giving you a three-day notice, or that you have a valid defense to an unlawful detainer lawsuit, you should carefully weigh the pros and cons of contesting the landlord's likely eviction lawsuit against you if you don't move out. As part of your decision-making process, you may wish to consult with a lawyer, legal aid organization, tenant-landlord program, or housing clinic. (See "Getting Help From a Third Party".)

How to count the three days

Begin counting the three days on the first day after the day the notice was served. If the third day falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or holiday, the three-day period will not expire until the following Monday or nonholiday.289 (See "proper service of notices" below for a discussion of service of the notice and the beginning of the notice period.)

PROPER SERVICE OF NOTICES

A landlord's three-day, 30-day, or 60-day notice to a tenant must be "served" properly to be legally effective. The terms "serve" and "service"refer to procedures required by the law. These procedures are designed to increase the likelihood that the person to whom notice is given actually receives the notice.

A landlord can serve a three-day notice on the tenant in one of three ways: by personal service, by substituted service, or by posting and mailing. The landlord, the landlord's agent, or anyone over 18 can serve a notice on a tenant.

Personal service - To serve you personally, the person serving the notice must hand you the notice (or leave it with you if you refuse to take it).290 The three-day period begins the day after you receive the notice.

Substituted service on another person -If the landlord can't find you at home, the landlord should try to serve you personally at work. If the landlord can't find you at home or at work, the landlord can use "substituted service" instead of serving you personally.

To comply with the rules on substituted service, the person serving the notice must leave the notice with a person of "suitable age and discretion" at your home or work and also mail a copy of the notice to you at home.291 A person of suitable age and discretion normally would be an adult at your home or workplace, or a teenage member of your household.

Service of the notice is legally complete when both of these steps have been completed. The three-day period begins the day after both steps have been completed.

Posting and mailing - If the landlord can't serve the notice on you personally or by substituted service, the notice can be served by taping or tacking a copy to the rental unit in a conspicuous place (such as the front door of the rental unit) and by mailing another copy to you at the rental unit's address.292 (This service method is commonly called "posting and mailing" or "nailing and mailing.")

Service of the notice is not complete until the copy of the notice has been mailed. The three-day period begins the day after the notice was posted and mailed.293

How to count the three days is explained above

Personal service must be attempted first a reasonable number of times [three usually is enough]. If the notice is posted on your door, a copy must also be mailed to you. The three days do not start until you received the mailing. There is no 5 day notice. It seems there was no proper service. The lawsuit for unlawful detainer has a summons attached to it [three day notice does not]. The UD can only be filed once the three full days after proper service have passed. You can file a motion to quash service of summons; if you win they will have to re-serve you with a new three day notice. Call the landlord and tell him of all the mistakes made and instead of making you file the motion he should start over again or else he will have to pay your costs of filing a motion.