Legal Question in Business Law in Illinois
Enforcing a promissory note
I recently entered a lending situation and we do have a promissory note. I am the lender and the note does not contain an acceleration clause or a late payment penalty clause. It just states that installments are due on the first of every month and that if there is a lawsuit the borrower must pay my lawyer’s fees. My question: The contract is 22 months, if the borrower fails to pay on any installment do I have to wait until the end of the contract to enlist legal help or can I do it the first time the borrower fails to pay. Also I did not request a co-signer, and if something happens to the borrower (i.e. injury which prevents them from being able to work to pay the money back) and they are unable to pay, do I lose my money?
2 Answers from Attorneys
Re: Enforcing a promissory note
You do not need to wait for the end of the contract. If there is a missed payment (breach of the contract) you can file suit on the contract and seek a judgment.
As for the lack of a co-signor- if the other party gets hurt or fails to pay, and does not have assets/collateral to secure the loan or a judgment on the loan, then yes, you will likely lose your money. In other words, if he fails to pay and you get a judgment, you still have to collect it. Without assets, that may not be possible.
Re: Enforcing a promissory note
While you would have a right to sue for breach of contract upon the failure to make a single installment payment, without the need to wait the entire 22 months, you would only be entitled to sue for the amount of that missed installment(s), since there is no acceleration clause. I suppose you might be able to sue on a theory of "anticipatory breach," whereby the borrower's actions demonstrate that it is unlikely that future payments will be made.
-- Kenneth J. Ashman; www.AshmanLawOffices.com; [email protected]
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