Legal Question in Real Estate Law in New Jersey
Time of the Essence
A Buyer serves Time of the Essence on a Seller even though he knows that the Seller is incapable of meeting the obligation. Assuming the Time of the Essence notice was unreasonable, what is the status of the contract, in otherwords, does it continue on the normal course, or is it status quo ante TOE. The Seller, after his TOE, asked for deposit back and is now suing Buyer for breach. If the TOE was urneasonable there could be no breach. Any case law on this issue would be very helpful.
2 Answers from Attorneys
Re: Time of the Essence
You do not explain why the TOE is considered unreasonable. Even if the Buyer knows the Seller cannot perform and no provision was made for deferral of the closing, the TOE may be OK. If the contract of sale had a specific closing date, even if estimated or stated to be a target date, the TOE may be valid. If the TOE was properly granted, the Buyer has the right to compel a closing and seek damages, or call off the closing and get a return of the deposit. A full contract review is necessary to properly answer the questions.
Re: Time of the Essence
With regard to your time is of the essence question, when a contract does not make time of the essence, either seller or buyer may make time of the essence by notice to the other party. If a time of the essence notice is given, and it is reasonable notice, then the failure of either party to perform on that date will be considered a breach of contract. Earlin v. Mors, 1 N.J. 336 (1949). For a notice to be reasonable, it must bear a reasonable relation to the time elapsed after the closing date set forth in the contract of sale. Paradiso v. Mazejy, 3 N.J. 110 (1949). Generally, there is no predetermined number of days that is required for a time of the essence notice. Rather, each case must be examined on its own facts. Notice should not be given until after the date of the closing set forth in the contract.
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